Silicon bond model

Si is Column IV of the periodic table:

A tetravalent metalloid, silicon is less reactive than its chemical analog carbon. It is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust, making up 25.7% of it by weight. It occurs in clay, feldspar, granite, quartz and sand, mainly in the form of silicon dioxide (also known as silica) and silicates (compounds containing silicon, oxygen and metals).

•Electronic structure of silicon atom:–10 core electrons (tightly bound)–4 valence electrons (loosely bound, responsible for most of the chemical properties

•Other semiconductors:–Ge, C (diamond form)–GaAs, InP, InGaAs, InGaAsP, ZnSe, CdTe(on the average, 4 valence electrons per atom)

Silicon crystal structure

•Diamond lattice: atoms tetrahedrallybonded by sharing valence electrons–covalent bonding

•Each atom shares 8 electrons–low energy situation•Siatomic density : 5 x 1022cm^-3

 

 

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